Crandall , Robert W <br/><br/>
Who pays for universal service? when telephone subsidies become transparent / 
Robert W Crandall and Leonard Waverman 
 - Washing DC :  Brooking Institution Press,  2000 
 - xiii, 199p, 22cm. 
<br/><br/>In virtually every country, the price of residential access to the telephone network is kept low and cross-subsidized by business services, long distance calling, and various other telephone services. This pricing practice is widely defended as necessary to promote  universal service,  but Crandall and Waverman show that it has little effect on telephone subscriptions while it has major harmful effects on the value of all telephone service.Crandall and Waverman show that other regulated utilities are not burdened with similarly inefficient cross-subsidy schemes, yet universality of water, natural gas, and electricity service is achieved. 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>9780815716129 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Telecommunication policy--United States<br/>Telecommunication--Taxation--United States<br/>Telephone--United States.
<br/><br/><label>Dewey Class. No.: </label>384.63  / CRA