Governing the ungovernable: institutional reforms for democratic governance

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Historical Background
3. The Economy
4. The Polity
5. The Society
6. Federal and Provincial Governments
7. Local Government
8. The Civil Services
9. The Judiciary
10. The Legislature
11. The Military
12. The Religious Edifice
13. The Private Sector
14. Administration of Justice
15. The Role of External Actors
16. Restructuring Key Institutions
17. Lessons from the Experience of Other Countries
18. Conclusions

Pakistan, since its independence in 1947, had to face tumultuous years for the first four decades. Despite the many challenges, both internal and external, the country was able to register a 6 per cent average annual growth rate during the first forty years of its existence. The country was ahead of India and Bangladesh in all economic and social indicators. Since 1990, the country has fallen behind its neighbouring countries and has had a decline in the growth rate. This book attempts to examine the reasons behind this slowdown, the volatile and inequitable growth of the last twenty-five years, and through a process of theoretical and empirical evidence argues that the most powerful explanatory hypothesis lies in the decay of institutions of governance. It also suggests a selective and incremental approach of restructuring some key public institutions that pertain to accountability, transparency, security, economic growth, and equity.

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